Niobium is the 41st element in the chemical periodic table. Its relative atomic weight is 92.90638. It is a shiny silver-white metal. It is soft when purified and easy to form oxide. Its melting point is 2741K and boiling point is 5015K. NB elements are generally found in Nb, Nb tantalum, pyrochlore and black gold ores in the natural state. In modern industry, niobium is widely used in steel, superalloy, amorphous, magnetic materials, casting, optical and other industries.
At present, the world's niobium resources are very rich and huge reserves. Brazil is currently the country with the largest reserves, accounting for 94% of the world's reserves, characterized by concentrated reserves and high average grade (>2%). Among them, there are 829 million tons of sedimentary deposits in Arax open-pit mine in Brazil, and the average grade of Nb2O5 is as high as 2.3%; 936 million tons of fresh rock deposits, mainly in Baiyun Obo and Dulahara, China's niobium deposits are mainly in Baiyun Obo and Dulahara, with tantalum and niobium deposits. By 1992, the proven industrial reserves in China were 115,000 tons of Nb2O5, because of the resources in China. The location is low, most of which do not have the value of exploitation.
Before 1950s, the source of niobium mainly was tantalum niobium ore. Tantalum and niobium ore is mainly used to produce tantalum. It needs expensive separation process to produce niobium, which leads to high production cost and can not be widely used. Later, with the discovery of large pyrochlore deposits in Araxne, Minas Gerais province, Brazil, and the subsequent development of these deposits (the development of Brazil's Araxne, the world's largest deposit, played a very important role in the supply of products), the products of niobium were enriched and the prices were substantial. The reduction of niobium in steel is possible.
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